@article{Feigenwinter2018,
title = {Spatial Distribution of Sensible and Latent Heat Flux in the city of Basel (Switzerland)},
author = {Christian Feigenwinter and Roland Vogt and Eberhard Parlow and Fredrik Lindberg and Mattia Marconcini and Fabio Del Frate and Nektarios Chrysoulakis},
doi = {10.1109/JSTARS.2018.2807815},
issn = {2151-1535},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-03-18},
journal = {IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing},
abstract = {Urban surfaces are a complex mixture of different land covers and surface materials; the relative magnitudes of the surface energy balance components therefore vary widely across a city. Eddy covariance (EC) measurements provide the best estimates of turbulent heat fluxes but are restricted to the source area. Land surface modeling with earth observation (EO) data is beneficial for extrapolation of a larger area since citywide information is possible. Turbulent sensible and latent heat fluxes are calculated by a combination of micrometeorological approaches (the aerodynamic resistance method, ARM), EO data, and GIS techniques. Input data such as land cover fractions and surface
temperatures are derived from Landsat 8 OLI and TIRS, urban morphology was calculated from high-resolution digital building models and GIS data layers, and meteorological data were provided by flux tower measurements. Twenty-two Landsat scenes covering all seasons and different meteorological conditions were analyzed. Sensible heat fluxes were highest for industrial areas, railway stations, and areas with high building density, mainly corresponding to the pixels with highest surface-to-air temperature differences.
The spatial distribution of latent heat flux is strongly related to the
saturation deficit of vapor and the (minimum) stomatal resistance
of vegetation types. Seasonal variations are highly dependent on
meteorological conditions, i.e., air temperature, water vapor saturation
deficit, and wind speed. Comparison of measured fluxes
with modeled fluxes in the weighted source area of the flux towers
is moderately accurate due to known drawbacks in the modeling
approach and uncertainties inherent to EC measurements, particularly
in urban areas.},
keywords = {Basel, Flux measurements, Urban Energy Budget},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@periodical{Feigenwinter2017j,
title = {Insights from more than ten years of CO2 flux measurements in the city of Basel, Switzerland},
author = {Christian Feigenwinter and Michael Schmutz and Roland Vogt and Eberhard Parlow },
editor = {Christian Feigenwinter and Michael Schmutz and Roland Vogt and Eberhard Parlow },
url = {http://urbanfluxes.eu/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/2017_Feigenwinter_et_al_IntAssocUrbClim1.pdf},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-08-01},
issuetitle = {International Association for Urban Climate},
journal = {Urban Climate News, Quarterly Newsletter of the International Association for Urban Climate},
volume = {Issue NO. 65 September 2017},
pages = {24-32},
keywords = {Basel, Carbon-dioxide, Concentration profiles, Eddy-covariance, Flux measurements, Street canyon, urban},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {periodical}
}

@conference{Feigenwinter2017,
title = {Spatial Distribution of Sensible and Latent Heat Flux in the URBANFLUXES case study city Basel (Switzerland)},
author = {Christian Feigenwinter and Eberhard Parlow and Roland Vogt and Michael Schmutz and Nektarios Chrysoulakis and Fredrik Lindberg and Mattia Marconcini and Fabio del-Frate },
editor = {Joint Urban Remote Sensing Event (JURSE)},
url = {http://urbanfluxes.eu/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/2017_Feigenwinter_et_al_JURSE.pdf},
doi = {10.1109/JURSE.2017.7924594},
issn = {978-1-5090-5808-2},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-05-11},
abstract = {Turbulent sensible and latent heat fluxes are calculated by a combined method using micrometeorological approaches (the Aerodynamic Resistance Method ARM), Earth Observation (EO) data and GISTechniques. The spatial distributions of turbulent heat fluxes were analyzed for 22 for the city of Basel (Switzerland), covering all seasons and different meteorological conditions. Seasonal variations in heat fluxes are strongly dependent on meteorological conditions, i.e. air temperature, water vapor saturation deficit and wind speed. The agreement of measured fluxes (by the Eddy Covariance method) with modeled fluxes in the weighted source area of the flux towers is moderate due to known drawbacks in the modelling approach and uncertainties inherent to EC measurements, particularly also in urban areas},
keywords = {Basel, Carbon-dioxide, Concentration profiles, Eddy-covariance, Flux measurements, Street canyon, urban},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}